Alum

Among the many treasures out in the old barn are an assortment of chemical products from the now dissolved Rush & Hebble Co. of Indianapolis.  Here is the wondrously diverse Alum.  Nearly all formulations of alum are double salts bound to hydrated sulfate.  They can contain sodium, ammonium, or even chrome.  The most common commercial form is potassium aluminum sulfate and is known as potash alum or, bizarrely, tawas.  Large potash deposits  throughout Canada, including near tribes of the Odawa (or Ottawa) indigenous Americans, may account for the derivation of  ‘tawas’, but this is largely conjecture.  Tawas City, Michigan derives it’s name not from the Ottawa peoples, but rather Chief O-ta-was from the Saginaw band of Chippewas who were known to camp along the shores of Tawas Bay and has, so far as is known, no connection to potash.   

Alum, in this case Potassium Aluminium Sulfate,  KAl(SO4)2

Alum was used in ancient Mesopotamia to fix red dye to textiles.  Evidence suggests this process dates to before 2000 bc when the early Iraqis traded for it with Egypt.  The Romans used alum to preserve leather, the same reason my father in law kept some around in his barn.  Today, alum is used in a stunning array of applications.  It can be found in a styptic pencil to stop bleeding, for example, or as an adjuvant to vaccines.  It is used in modeling clay and for extracting the phosphorous out of creeks and lakes in order to control algae.  It is a startling realization that the additive we use to help doughnuts achieve a palette pleasing crispiness is the same we add to toothpaste as a whitener and to textiles as a flame retardant.

The Kane Creek potash mine along the Colorado River  in Utah,  pumps river water into the mine and dissolves the potash, after which the brine solution is pumped into evaporation ponds.  Blue dye aids in evaporation and gives stunning aerial images.

Knowledge Sources

https://www.teeswildlife.org/what-we-do/past-projects/alum-alchemy-and-ammonites/alum/alum-history/

https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-alum-608508

https://www.mccormick.com/spices-and-flavors/herbs-and-spices/spices/alum

https://www.ninemilecreek.org/wp-content/uploads/Alum-Education_2019.pdf

https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-alum-608508

http://www.thedistilledman.com/how-treat-shaving-nicks-cuts/styptic-pencil/

Image Sources

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alum_1270668_Nevit.jpg

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Moab_Potash_Mine_-_46200453424.jpg